3,659 research outputs found
Preparation and control of intelligent automation systems
In the automation systems of tomorrow, it is likely that the devices included have various degrees of autonomy, and include advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work together with collaborative robots as well as with roaming robots for material handling.The volatile nature of the environment of such intelligent automation systems lead to an enormous amount of possible situations that can arise and which need to be suitably handled. This complexity makes development of control systems for intelligent automation systems difficult using traditional methods.As an alternative, this thesis presents a model-based control framework, which uses a combination of formal specification and automated planning. The proposed framework allows for defining the intentions of the automation system on a high level, which enables decisions that influence when things should occur to be modeled using logical constraints, rather than programming. To achieve a modular framework, low level, reusable, resource models are composed by 1) formal specification to ensure safety and 2) applying an abstraction called an operation, which couples the reusable resources to the intentions of the system. By planning also the resources\u27 detailed actions, the operations can, when possible, be completed regardless of the resources\u27 current state. This eases error-recovery, as resources do not have to be reset when an error occurs.Additionally, the thesis proposes an iterative and interactive workflow for integrating the proposed model-based control framework into a virtual preparation process, using computer-based simulation as a tool for validating formal specifications. The control framework allows for adding new constraints to a running system, enabling an efficient and interactive preparation process.The framework has been applied to a use case from final assembly, which features human-robot collaboration. Experimental results on the ability to handle unforeseen errors and planning performance are presented
A ROS2 based communication architecture for control in collaborative and intelligent automation systems
Collaborative robots are becoming part of intelligent automation systems in
modern industry. Development and control of such systems differs from
traditional automation methods and consequently leads to new challenges.
Thankfully, Robot Operating System (ROS) provides a communication platform and
a vast variety of tools and utilities that can aid that development. However,
it is hard to use ROS in large-scale automation systems due to communication
issues in a distributed setup, hence the development of ROS2. In this paper, a
ROS2 based communication architecture is presented together with an industrial
use-case of a collaborative and intelligent automation system.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, to be published in the proceedings of
29th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent
Manufacturing (FAIM2019), June 201
Guard extraction for modeling and control of a collaborative assembly station
A transition system represented by guards and actions can be amended by new guards computed in order to satisfy some specification. If the transition system is the result of composing smaller state machines, guard extraction can be used to put the new guards onto the guards the original state machines. Planning and verification can then be performed directly on the system with additional guards. In this paper we discuss the benefits of applying guard extraction as part of the modeling work in a modular control architecture, where reusable resources are composed using specifications. We show with an example from the development of an industrial demonstrator that even if the specification language is limited to invariant propositions, in practice many common safety specifications can be expressed when combined with a notion of which transitions are allowed to be restricted
Application of the sequence planner control framework to an intelligent automation system with a focus on error handling
Future automation systems are likely to include devices with a varying degree of autonomy, as well as advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work side by side with both collaborative robots performing assembly tasks and roaming robots that handle material transport. To maintain the flexibility provided by human operators when introducing such robots, these autonomous robots need to be intelligently coordinated, i.e., they need to be supported by an intelligent automation system. One challenge in developing intelligent automation systems is handling the large amount of possible error situations that can arise due to the volatile and sometimes unpredictable nature of the environment. Sequence Planner is a control framework that supports the development of intelligent automation systems. This paper describes Sequence Planner and tests its ability to handle errors that arise during execution of an intelligent automation system. An automation system, developed using Sequence Planner, is subjected to a number of scenarios where errors occur. The error scenarios and experimental results are presented along with a discussion of the experience gained in trying to achieve robust intelligent automation
Why and When Consumers Prefer Products of User-Driven Firms: A Social Identification Account
Companies are increasingly drawing on their user communities to generate promising ideas for new products,
which are then marketed as "user-designed" products to the broader consumer market. We demonstrate that
nonparticipating, observing consumers prefer to buy from user-rather than designer-driven firms because of an
enhanced identification with the firm that has adopted this user-driven philosophy. Three experimental studies
validate a newly proposed social identification account underlying this effect. Because consumers are also users,
their social identities connect to the user-designers, and they feel empowerment by vicariously being involved
in the design process. This formed connection leads to preference for the firm's products. Importantly, this
social identification account also effectively predicts when the effect does not materialize. First, we find that if
consumers feel dissimilar to participating users, the effects are attenuated. We demonstrate that this happens when the community differs from consumers along important demographics (i.e., gender) or when consumers are
nonexperts in the focal domain (i.e., they feel that they do not belong to the social group of participating users).
Second, the effects are attenuated if the user-driven firm is only selectively rather than fully open to participation
from all users (observing consumers do not feel socially included). These findings advance the emerging theory on
user involvement and offer practical implications for firms interested in pursuing a user-driven philosophy.
Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1999. (authors' abstract
Charge Localization and Ordering in AMnO Hollandite Group Oxides: Impact of Density Functional Theory Approaches
The phases of AMnO hollandite group oxides emerge from the
competition between ionic interactions, Jahn-Teller effects, charge ordering,
and magnetic interactions. Their balanced treatment with feasible computational
approaches can be challenging for commonly used approximations in Density
Functional Theory. Three examples (A = Ag, Li and K) are studied with a
sequence of different approximate exchange-correlation functionals. Starting
from a generalized gradient approximation (GGA), an extension to include van
der Waals interactions and a recently proposed meta-GGA are considered. Then
local Coulomb interactions for the Mn electrons are more explicitly
considered with the DFT+ approach. Finally selected results from a hybrid
functional approach provide a reference. Results for the binding energy of the
A species in the parent oxide highlight the role of van der Waals interactions.
Relatively accurate results for insertion energies can be achieved with a low
and a high approach. In the low case, the materials are described
as band metals with a high symmetry, tetragonal crystal structure. In the high
case, the electrons donated by A result in formation of local Mn
centers and corresponding Jahn-Teller distortions characterized by a local
order parameter. The resulting degree of monoclinic distortion depends on
charge ordering and magnetic interactions in the phase formed. The reference
hybrid functional results show charge localization and ordering. Comparison to
low temperature experiments of related compounds suggests that charge
localization is the physically correct result for the hollandite group oxides
studied here. . . .Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
Decentralized Learning over Wireless Networks: The Effect of Broadcast with Random Access
In this work, we focus on the communication aspect of decentralized learning,
which involves multiple agents training a shared machine learning model using
decentralized stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD) over distributed data. In
particular, we investigate the impact of broadcast transmission and
probabilistic random access policy on the convergence performance of D-SGD,
considering the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the link dynamics in
the communication topology. Our results demonstrate that optimizing the access
probability to maximize the expected number of successful links is a highly
effective strategy for accelerating the system convergence.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted in IEEE SPAWC 202
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